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MongoDB shell 사용방법 및 관련 명령어 - 1 본문
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이 페이지에서는 MongoDB 를 사용하기 위해 필요한 MongoDB shell 사용방법 및 관련 명령어에 대하여 다룬다.
또한, 이 게시글은 도서 O'REILLY 사의 저서 '몽고DB 완벽가이드' 의 내용들을 심화 이해하기 위하여 작성하는 글이다.
이 페이지는 perplexity 를 통해 필자가 어떤 prompt 를 작성하여 공부하는지를 공유한다. ([] 로 표기)
또한, 검색이외에 추가로 덧붙일 내용은 ※ 로 추가한다.
AI 를 통해 관련된 자료를 검색하다보면 이전 게시글과 중복된 사항도 있으나 이는 복습 및 상기 차원에서 그대로 기재 되도록 한다.
마지막으로 이 페이지는 EC2 Amazon Linux 2023 에 설치된 기본 MongoDB 를 사용한다.
EC2 Amazon Linux 2023 에 MongoDB 를 설치하는 방법은 아래의 링크를 참조한다.
MongoDB shell 을 통한 MongoDB 접속시 사용하는 기본 명령어
- MongoDB 는 아래의 명령어로 기본접속이 가능하다
Mongo host(host명):30000(port, MongoDB 의 기본 port 는 27017 이다.)/test(DB명)
- 위의 명령어 없이 기본 shell 로만 대화형 인터페이스로만 들어갈수도 있다.
mongo --nodb
- 위의 상태로만 접속을 해도 shell 에서 아래의과정으로 mongod 에 접속이 가능하다.
> conn = new Mongo("127.0.0.1:27017")
mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000
> db = conn.getDB("test")
test
test>
- 다른 프로그램과 마찬가지로 MongoDB 도 help 를 사용 할 수 있다.
test> help
Shell Help:
log 'log.info(<msg>)': Write a custom info/warn/error/fatal/debug message to the log file
'log.getPath()': Gets a path to the current log file
use Set current database
show 'show databases'/'show dbs': Print a list of all available databases
'show collections'/'show tables': Print a list of all collections for current database
'show profile': Prints system.profile information
'show users': Print a list of all users for current database
'show roles': Print a list of all roles for current database
'show log <type>': log for current connection, if type is not set uses 'global'
'show logs': Print all logs
exit Quit the MongoDB shell with exit/exit()/.exit
quit Quit the MongoDB shell with quit/quit()
Mongo Create a new connection and return the Mongo object. Usage: new Mongo(URI, options [optional])
connect Create a new connection and return the Database object. Usage: connect(URI, username [optional], password [optional])
it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
version Shell version
load Loads and runs a JavaScript file into the current shell environment
enableTelemetry Enables collection of anonymous usage data to improve the mongosh CLI
disableTelemetry Disables collection of anonymous usage data to improve the mongosh CLI
passwordPrompt Prompts the user for a password
sleep Sleep for the specified number of milliseconds
print Prints the contents of an object to the output
printjson Alias for print()
convertShardKeyToHashed Returns the hashed value for the input using the same hashing function as a hashed index.
cls Clears the screen like console.clear()
isInteractive Returns whether the shell will enter or has entered interactive mode
For more information on usage: https://mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/method
- 추가로 help 옆에 명령어를 추가로 붙이면, DB 단위, collection 단위로 help 명령어를 확인 할 수 있다.
test> db.help()
Database Class:
getMongo Returns the current database connection
getName Returns the name of the DB
getCollectionNames Returns an array containing the names of all collections in the current database.
getCollectionInfos Returns an array of documents with collection information, i.e. collection name and options, for the current database.
runCommand Runs an arbitrary command on the database.
adminCommand Runs an arbitrary command against the admin database.
aggregate Runs a specified admin/diagnostic pipeline which does not require an underlying collection.
getSiblingDB Returns another database without modifying the db variable in the shell environment.
getCollection Returns a collection or a view object that is functionally equivalent to using the db.<collectionName>.
dropDatabase Removes the current database, deleting the associated data files.
createUser Creates a new user for the database on which the method is run. db.createUser() returns a duplicate user error if the user already exists on the database.
updateUser Updates the user’s profile on the database on which you run the method. An update to a field completely replaces the previous field’s values. This includes updates to the user’s roles array.
changeUserPassword Updates a user’s password. Run the method in the database where the user is defined, i.e. the database you created the user.
logout Ends the current authentication session. This function has no effect if the current session is not authenticated.
dropUser Removes the user from the current database.
dropAllUsers Removes all users from the current database.
auth Allows a user to authenticate to the database from within the shell.
grantRolesToUser Grants additional roles to a user.
revokeRolesFromUser Removes a one or more roles from a user on the current database.
getUser Returns user information for a specified user. Run this method on the user’s database. The user must exist on the database on which the method runs.
getUsers Returns information for all the users in the database.
createCollection Create new collection
createEncryptedCollection Creates a new collection with a list of encrypted fields each with unique and auto-created data encryption keys (DEKs). This is a utility function that internally utilises ClientEnryption.createEncryptedCollection.
createView Create new view
createRole Creates a new role.
updateRole Updates the role’s profile on the database on which you run the method. An update to a field completely replaces the previous field’s values.
dropRole Removes the role from the current database.
dropAllRoles Removes all roles from the current database.
grantRolesToRole Grants additional roles to a role.
revokeRolesFromRole Removes a one or more roles from a role on the current database.
grantPrivilegesToRole Grants additional privileges to a role.
revokePrivilegesFromRole Removes a one or more privileges from a role on the current database.
(...)
test> db.foo.help()
Collection Class:
aggregate Calculates aggregate values for the data in a collection or a view.
bulkWrite Performs multiple write operations with controls for order of execution.
count Returns the count of documents that would match a find() query for the collection or view.
countDocuments Returns the count of documents that match the query for a collection or view.
deleteMany Removes all documents that match the filter from a collection.
deleteOne Removes a single document from a collection.
distinct Finds the distinct values for a specified field across a single collection or view and returns the results in an array.
estimatedDocumentCount Returns the count of all documents in a collection or view.
find Selects documents in a collection or view.
findAndModify Modifies and returns a single document.
findOne Selects documents in a collection or view.
renameCollection Renames a collection.
findOneAndDelete Deletes a single document based on the filter and sort criteria, returning the deleted document.
findOneAndReplace Modifies and replaces a single document based on the filter and sort criteria.
findOneAndUpdate Updates a single document based on the filter and sort criteria.
insert Inserts a document or documents into a collection.
insertMany Inserts multiple documents into a collection.
insertOne Inserts a document into a collection.
isCapped Checks if a collection is capped
remove Removes documents from a collection.
replaceOne Replaces a single document within the collection based on the filter.
update Modifies an existing document or documents in a collection.
updateMany Updates all documents that match the specified filter for a collection.
updateOne Updates a single document within the collection based on the filter.
compactStructuredEncryptionData Compacts structured encryption data
convertToCapped calls {convertToCapped:'coll', size:maxBytes}} command
createIndexes Creates one or more indexes on a collection
createIndex Creates one index on a collection
ensureIndex Creates one index on a collection
getIndexes Returns an array that holds a list of documents that identify and describe the existing indexes on the collection.
getIndexSpecs Alias for getIndexes. Returns an array that holds a list of documents that identify and describe the existing indexes on the collection.
getIndices Alias for getIndexes. Returns an array that holds a list of documents that identify and describe the existing indexes on the collection.
getIndexKeys Return an array of key patterns for indexes defined on collection
dropIndexes Drops the specified index or indexes (except the index on the _id field) from a collection.
dropIndex Drops or removes the specified index from a collection.
totalIndexSize Reports the total size used by the indexes on a collection.
reIndex Rebuilds all existing indexes on a collection.
getDB Get current database.
getMongo Returns the Mongo object.
dataSize This method provides a wrapper around the size output of the collStats (i.e. db.collection.stats()) command.
storageSize The total amount of storage allocated to this collection for document storage.
totalSize The total size in bytes of the data in the collection plus the size of every index on the collection.
drop Removes a collection or view from the database.
exists Returns collection infos if the collection exists or null otherwise.
getFullName Returns the name of the collection prefixed with the database name.
getName Returns the name of the collection.
(...)
- Javascript file 을 만들어서 sh 명령문에 바로 적용 할 수 있다.
#scrip1.js 파일 생성
print("I am script1.js")
# mongosh 에 바로 수행
$ mongosh script1.js
I am script1.js
- 아래와 같이 host,port,db 를 명시하여 적용 할 수 있다.
$ mongosh 127.0.0.1:27017/test script1.js
I am script1.js
- Shell 안에서 바로 파일을 load 할 수 있다.
test> load("script1.js")
I am script1.js
true
- 스크립트를 만들 때, shell 에서 사용하는 명령어를 Javascript 로 변환 해야 할 수 있다.
예를 들어, show db 는 javascript 파일에서는 db.get.Mongo().getDBs() 로 변환해서 작성해야한다.
- Javascript 파일이 위치한 경로와 실제 mongosh 를 수행하는 경로가 다를 시, 절대경로를 입력하면 다른 경로에 있는 Javascript 파일을 load 할 수 있다.
test> load("/home/ec2-user/script1.js")
I am script1.js
true
- Linux 등에서 프로그램을 실행 시, 임의로 시작 문구를 만들 수 있는 것 처럼 MongoDB 도 시작 문구를 만들 수 있다.
$ vi .mongoshrc.js
var compliment = ["attractive", "intelligent", "like Batman"];
var index = Math.floor(Math.random()*3);
print("Hello, you're looking particulary "+compliment[index]+" today!");
#작성 후 Mongosh 실행행
$ mongosh
Current Mongosh Log ID: 684d191a3094095ba169e327
Connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.5.2
Using MongoDB: 8.0.10
Using Mongosh: 2.5.2
For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/
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The server generated these startup warnings when booting
2025-06-14T05:33:28.794+00:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
2025-06-14T05:33:28.794+00:00: For customers running the current memory allocator, we suggest changing the contents of the following sysfsFile
2025-06-14T05:33:28.794+00:00: For customers running the current memory allocator, we suggest changing the contents of the following sysfsFile
2025-06-14T05:33:28.794+00:00: We suggest setting the contents of sysfsFile to 0.
2025-06-14T05:33:28.794+00:00: vm.max_map_count is too low
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Hello, you're looking particulary attractive today!
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